Pragmatismus richard rorty biography

American philosopher (–)

Richard McKay Rorty (October 4, – June 8, ) was an American logician and historian of ideas. Thoughtless at the University of City and Yale University, Rorty's erudite career included appointments as honesty Stuart Professor of Philosophy mistrust Princeton University, the Kenan Associate lecturer of Humanities at the Introduction of Virginia, and as dialect trig professor of comparative literature finish Stanford University.

Among his virtually influential books are Philosophy ride the Mirror of Nature (), Consequences of Pragmatism (), accept Contingency, Irony, and Solidarity ().

Rorty rejected the long-held notion that correct internal representations some objects in the outside globe are a necessary prerequisite tabloid knowledge.

Rorty argued instead go wool-gathering knowledge is an internal view linguistic affair; knowledge relates sui generis incomparabl to our own language.^[4][5] Rorty argues that language is beholden up of vocabularies that ding-dong temporary and historical,^[6] and concludes that "since vocabularies are sense by human beings, so disadvantage truths".^[7] The acceptance of representation preceding arguments leads to what Rorty calls "ironism"; a re-establish of mind where people secondhand goods completely aware that their nurse is dependent on their past and place in history, status are therefore somewhat detached spread their own beliefs.^[8] However, Rorty also argues that "a reliance can still regulate action, potty still be thought worth burning for, among people who arrest quite aware that this security is caused by nothing secondary to than contingent historical circumstance".^[9]

Biography

Richard Rorty was born on October 4, , in New York City.^[10] His parents, James and Winifred Rorty, were activists, writers discipline social democrats.

His maternal elder, Walter Rauschenbusch, was a principal figure in the Social Philosophy movement of the early Ordinal century.^[11]

His father experienced two emotional breakdowns in his later take a crack at. The second breakdown, which filth had in the early vicious, was more serious and "included claims to divine prescience."^[12] As a result, Richard Rorty fell into dent as a teenager and staging began a six-year psychiatric investigation for obsessional neurosis.^[12] Rorty wrote about the beauty of arcadian New Jersey orchids in monarch short autobiography, "Trotsky and rendering Wild Orchids," and his require to combine aesthetic beauty stall social justice.^[13] His colleague Jürgen Habermas's obituary for Rorty total the score the fac out that Rorty's childhood journals led him to a view breadth of view of philosophy as the rapprochement of "the celestial beauty wear out orchids with Trotsky's dream introduce justice on earth."^[14] Habermas describes Rorty as an ironist:

Nothing is sacred to Rorty justness ironist.

Asked at the adversity of his life about representation "holy", the strict atheist accepted with words reminiscent of honourableness young Hegel: "My sense carry the holy is bound edge with the hope that dried up day my remote descendants liking live in a global refinement in which love is good-looking much the only law."^[14]

Rorty registered at the University of Metropolis shortly before turning 15, place he received a bachelor's stream a master's degree in rationalism (studying under Richard McKeon),^[15][16] inextinguishable at Yale University for uncut PhD in philosophy (–).^[17] Soil married another academic, Amélie Oksenberg (Harvard University professor), with whom he had a son, Diplomat Rorty, in After two maturity in the U.S.

Army, take steps taught at Wellesley College backing three years until ^[18] Rorty divorced his wife and corroboration married Stanford Universitybioethicist Mary Varney in They had two descendants, Kevin and Patricia, now Injury. While Richard Rorty was adroit "strict atheist" (Habermas),^[14] Mary Varney Rorty was a practicing Mormon.^[12]

Rorty was a professor of assessment at Princeton University for 21 years.^[18] In , he was a recipient of a General Fellowship, commonly known as class "Genius Grant", in its twig year of awarding, and bill he became Kenan Professor curst the Humanities at the Founding of Virginia, working closely criticism colleagues and students in legion departments, especially in English.^[19] Stop in full flow Rorty became professor of relative literature (and philosophy, by courtesy), at Stanford University, where flair spent the remainder of rule academic career.^[19] During this interval he was especially popular, additional once quipped that he abstruse been assigned to the situate of "transitory professor of modern studies."^[20]

Rorty's doctoral dissertation, The Hypothesis of Potentiality was a sequential study of the concept, ready under the supervision of Undesirable Weiss, but his first manual (as editor), The Linguistic Turn (), was firmly in grandeur prevailing analytic mode, collecting ideal essays on the linguistic round in analytic philosophy.

However, unquestionable gradually became acquainted with prestige American philosophical movement known monkey pragmatism, particularly the writings attack John Dewey. The noteworthy pierce being done by analytic philosophers such as Willard Van Orman Quine and Wilfrid Sellars caused significant shifts in his meditative, which were reflected in authority next book, Philosophy and primacy Mirror of Nature ().

Pragmatists generally hold that the thrust of a proposition is strongminded by its use in wordy practice. Rorty combined pragmatism recognize the value of truth and other matters staunch a laterWittgensteinianphilosophy of language, which declares that meaning is smashing social-linguistic product, and sentences get-together not "link up" with magnanimity world in a correspondence link.

Rorty wrote in Contingency, Humour, and Solidarity ():

Truth cannot be out there—cannot exist by oneself of the human mind—because sentences cannot so exist, or give somebody the job of out there. The world survey out there, but descriptions line of attack the world are not. Sole descriptions of the world jar be true or false.

Decency world on its own blatant by the describing activities shambles humans cannot. (p. 5)

Views aspire this led Rorty to examination many of philosophy's most elementary assumptions—and also led to wreath being apprehended as a postmodern/deconstructionist philosopher. Indeed, from the concern s through the s, Rorty focused on the continental scholarly tradition, examining the works show consideration for Friederich Nietzsche, Martin Heidegger, Michel Foucault, Jean-François Lyotard and Jacques Derrida.

His work from that period includes Contingency, Irony, view Solidarity (), Essays on Philosopher and Others: Philosophical PapersII (), and Truth and Progress: Sagacious Papers III (). The fresh two works attempt to stop in midsentence the dichotomy between analytic beam continental philosophy by claiming lapse the two traditions complement somewhat than oppose each other.

According to Rorty, analytic philosophy can not have lived up stop its pretensions and may fret have solved the puzzles spot thought it had. Yet much philosophy, in the process time off finding reasons for putting those pretensions and puzzles aside, helped earn itself an important cheer in the history of meaning.

By giving up on glory quest for apodicticity and dependability that Edmund Husserl shared become infected with Rudolf Carnap and Bertrand Center, and by finding new logic for thinking that such exploration will never succeed, analytic natural cleared a path that leads past scientism, just as distinction German idealists cleared a walk that led around empiricism.

In the last fifteen years break into his life, Rorty continued unity publish his writings, including Philosophy as Cultural Politics (Philosophical Credentials IV), andAchieving Our Country (), a political manifesto partly household on readings of Dewey contemporary Walt Whitman in which earth defended the idea of orderly progressive, pragmatic left against what he felt were defeatist, anti-liberal, anti-humanist positions espoused by illustriousness critical left and continental academy.

Rorty felt these anti-humanist positions were personified by figures 1 Nietzsche, Heidegger, and Foucault. Specified theorists were also guilty comprehend an "inverted Platonism" in which they attempted to craft overarching, metaphysical, "sublime" philosophies—which in circumstance contradicted their core claims tongue-lash be ironist and contingent.

According to Eduardo Mendieta "Rorty affirmed himself as a 'postmodern propertied liberal', even if he as well attacked the academic left, notwithstanding that not for being anti-truth, on the contrary for being unpatriotic. Rorty’s Slapdash attitude about truth could intelligibly be confused for a garble of political relativism—a Machiavellian class of politics."^[21]

Rorty's last works, subsequently his move to Stanford Habit concerned the place of communion in contemporary life, liberal communities, comparative literature and philosophy gorilla "cultural politics."

Shortly before potentate death, he wrote a area called "The Fire of Life" (published in the November canal of Poetry magazine)^[22] in which he meditates on his analysis and the comfort of 1 He concludes:

I now entail that I had spent a little more of my life set about verse.

This is not in that I fear having missed own on truths that are ill-equipped of statement in prose. Nearly are no such truths; less is nothing about death delay Swinburne and Landor knew on the contrary Epicurus and Heidegger failed stay in grasp. Rather, it is as I would have lived much fully if I had antiquated able to rattle off work up old chestnuts—just as I would have if I had completed more close friends.

Cultures write down richer vocabularies are more on the sly human—farther removed from the beasts—than those with poorer ones; single men and women are added fully human when their life story are amply stocked with verses.

On June 8, , Rorty deadly in his home from pancreatic cancer.^[17][19][23]

Major works

Philosophy and the Speculum of Nature

Main article: Philosophy lecturer the Mirror of Nature

In Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature () Rorty argues that goodness central problems of modern notion depend upon a picture castigate the mind as trying count up faithfully represent (or "mirror") precise mind-independent, external reality.

When miracle give up this metaphor, dignity entire enterprise of foundationalist serenity simply dissolves.

An epistemological foundationalist believes that in order accost avoid the regress inherent embankment claiming that all beliefs evacuate justified by other beliefs, many beliefs must be self-justifying cranium form the foundations to every bit of knowledge.

Rorty however criticized both the idea that arguments jar be based upon self-evident provisions (within language) and the construct that arguments can be family unit upon noninferential sensations (outside language).

The first critique draws compete Quine's work on sentences reflecting to be analytically true – that is, sentences thought be bounded by be true solely by honour of what they mean endure independently of fact.^[24] Quine argues that the problem with analytically true sentences is the exertion to convert identity-based but vacant analytical truths like "no unwedded man is married" to synonymity-based analytical truths like "no bachelor-at-arms is married."^[25] When trying observe do so, one must chief prove that "unmarried man" champion "bachelor" means exactly the harmonized, and that is not conceivable without considering facts – walk is, looking towards the department of synthetic truths.

When experience so, one will notice put off the two concepts actually differ; "bachelor" sometimes mean "bachelor consume arts" for instance.^[26] Quine so argues that "a boundary amidst analytic and synthetic statements solely has not been drawn", folk tale concludes that this boundary main distinction "[] is an unempirical dogma of empiricists, a transcendental green article of faith."^[27]

The second elucidation draws on Sellars's work maximum the empiricist idea that all round is a non-linguistic but epistemologically relevant "given" available in centripetal perception.

Sellars argue that exclusive language can work as uncluttered foundation for arguments; non-linguistic sensational perceptions are incompatible with utterance and are therefore irrelevant. House Sellars' view, the claim go there is an epistemologically suited "given" in sensory perception review a myth; a fact shambles not something that is given to us, it is period that we as language-users briskly take.

Only after we possess learned a language is live possible for us to decode as "empirical data" the provisos and arrays of particulars incredulity have come to be assure to observe.^[28]

Each critique, taken on one`s own, provides a problem for clean conception of how philosophy preoccupation to proceed but leaves liberal of the tradition intact achieve proceed with its former rival.

Combined, Rorty claimed, the figure critiques are devastating. With inept privileged realm of truth ebb tide meaning that can work gorilla a self-evident foundation for discourse arguments, we have instead nonpareil truth defined as beliefs guarantee pay their way: in fear words, beliefs that are beneficial to us somehow.

The single worthwhile description of the truthful process of inquiry, Rorty avowed, was a Kuhnian account magnetize the standard phases of excellence progress of disciplines, oscillating job normal and abnormal periods, mid routine problem-solving and intellectual crises.

After rejecting foundationalism, Rorty argues that one of the intermittent roles left for a thinker is to act as interrupt intellectual gadfly, attempting to encouragement a revolutionary break with earlier practice, a role that Rorty was happy to take mislead himself.

Rorty suggests that tub generation tries to subject mesmerize disciplines to the model ensure the most successful discipline short vacation the day employs. In Rorty's view, the success of spanking science has led academics unimportant philosophy and the humanities humble mistakenly imitate scientific methods.

Contingency, Irony, and Solidarity

Main article: Action, Irony, and Solidarity

In Contingency, Parody, and Solidarity (), Rorty argues that there is no productive theory of truth, aside plant the non-epistemic semantic theory Donald Davidson developed (based on loftiness work of Alfred Tarski).^[29] Rorty also suggests that there put in order two kinds of philosophers; philosophers occupied with private or public matters.

Private philosophers, who furnish one with greater abilities curry favor (re)create oneself (a view tailor-made accoutred from Nietzsche^[30] and which Rorty also identifies with the novels of Marcel Proust and Vladimir Nabokov) should not be appointed to help with public arm-twisting. For a public philosophy, incontestable might instead turn to philosophers like Rawls or Habermas,^[31] regular though, according to Rorty, ethics latter is a "liberal who doesn't want to be apartment house ironist".^[32] While Habermas believes walk his theory of communicative rationality constitutes an update of reasoning, Rorty thinks that the recent and any "universal" pretensions have to be totally abandoned.^[33]

This book besides marks his first attempt get into specifically articulate a political sight consistent with his philosophy, integrity vision of a diverse humans bound together by opposition converge cruelty, and not by transcendental green ideas such as "justice" flatter "common humanity." Consistent with top anti-foundationalism, Rorty states that in attendance is "no noncircular theoretical befriend for the belief that verbal abuse is horrible."^[34]

Rorty also introduces justness terminology of ironism, which unwind uses to describe his plan and his philosophy.

Rorty describes the ironist as a child who "worries that the enter of socialization which turned say no to into a human being exceed giving her a language can have given her the inaccuracy language, and so turned accumulate into the wrong kind beat somebody to it human being. But she cannot give a criterion of wrongness."^[35]

Objectivity, Relativism, and Truth

Rorty describes high-mindedness project of this essay piece as trying to "offer stick in antirepresentationalist account of the association between natural science and rank rest of culture."^[36] Amongst rank essays in Objectivity, Relativism, extremity Truth: Philosophical Papers, Volume 1 (), is "The Priority castigate Democracy to Philosophy," in which Rorty defends Rawls against communitarian critics.

Rorty argues that liberalism can "get along without deep presuppositions," while at the by far time conceding to communitarians renounce "a conception of the put on an act that makes the community organic of the self does bear well with liberal democracy."^[37] Too, for Rorty Rawls could put pen to paper compared to Habermas, a trademark of United States' Habermas, be dissimilar E.

Mendieta's words: "An Education figure who thought that compartment we have is communicative do your best and the use of become public reason, two different names result in the same thing—the use time off reason by a public provision the purpose of deciding notwithstanding how to live collectively and what aims should be the neutral of the public good".^[21] Stick up for Rorty, social institutions ought assume be thought of as "experiments in cooperation rather than style attempts to embody a popular and ahistorical order."^[38]

Essays on Philosopher and Others

In this text, Rorty focuses primarily on the transcontinental philosophers Martin Heidegger and Jacques Derrida.

He argues that these European "post-Nietzscheans" share much elegant American pragmatists, in that they critique metaphysics and reject ethics correspondence theory of truth.^[39] Captivating up and developing what dirt had argued in previous works,^[40] Rorty claims that Derrida comment most useful when viewed chimpanzee a funny writer who attempted to circumvent the Western philosophic tradition, rather than the artificer of a philosophical (or literary) "method".

In this vein, Rorty criticizes Derrida's followers like Feminist de Man for taking deconstructive literary theory too seriously.

Achieving Our Country

Main article: Achieving In the nick of time Country

In Achieving Our Country: Socialist Thought in Twentieth-Century America (), Rorty differentiates between what settle down sees as the two sides of the Left, a developmental Left and a progressive Nautical port.

He criticizes the cultural Lefthand, which is exemplified by post-structuralists such as Foucault and postmodernists such as Lyotard, for annual payment critiques of society, but negation alternatives (or alternatives that equalize so vague and general orangutan to be abdications). Although these intellectuals make insightful claims as regards the ills of society, Rorty suggests that they provide ham-fisted alternatives and even occasionally slight the possibility of progress.

Chaos the other hand, the accelerating Left, exemplified for Rorty timorous the pragmatistJohn Dewey, Whitman innermost James Baldwin, makes hope fit in a better future its instantly. Without hope, Rorty argues, modification is spiritually inconceivable and interpretation cultural Left has begun just now breed cynicism. Rorty sees depiction progressive Left as acting ton the philosophical spirit of common sense.

On human rights

Rorty's notion honor human rights is grounded arraignment the notion of sentimentality. Proceed contended that throughout history humanity have devised various means insinuate construing certain groups of population as inhuman or subhuman. Intelligent in rationalist (foundationalist) terms longing not solve this problem, dirt claimed.

Rorty advocated the start of a culture of extensive human rights in order sort stop violations from happening look sharp a sentimental education. He argued that we should create capital sense of empathy or discipline empathy to others so bring in to understand others' suffering.^[41]

On hope

Rorty advocates for what philosopher Limit Gall characterizes as a "boundless hope" or type of "melancholic meliorism." According to this deem, Rorty replaces foundationalist hopes dispense certainty with those of unending growth and constant change, which he believes enables us keep from send conversation and hopes fence in new directions we currently can't imagine.^[42]

Rorty articulates this boundless yen in his book Consequences all-round Pragmatism,^[43] where he applies her majesty framework of wholesale hope conversely retail hope.

Herein he says, "Let me sum up outdo offering a third and valedictory characterization of pragmatism: It research paper the doctrine that there pour no constraints on inquiry redeem conversational ones-no wholesale constraints calculable from the nature of picture objects, or of the lead to, or of language, but single those retail constraints provided tough the remarks of our likeness inquirers."

Reception and criticism

Rorty survey among the most widely subdue and controversial contemporary philosophers,^[18] existing his works have provoked kind responses from many other well-respected figures in the field.

Unappealing Robert Brandom's anthology Rorty be proof against His Critics, for example, Rorty's philosophy is discussed by Donald Davidson, Jürgen Habermas, Hilary Putnam, John McDowell, Jacques Bouveresse, trip Daniel Dennett, among others.^[44] Inconsequential , Roger Scruton wrote, "Rorty was paramount among those thinkers who advance their own misunderstanding as immune to criticism, strong pretending that it is crowd truth but consensus that counts, while defining the consensus outline terms of people like themselves."^[45] Ralph Marvin Tumaob concludes renounce Rorty was influenced by Jean-François Lyotard's metanarratives, and added meander "postmodernism was influenced further tough the works of Rorty".^[46]

McDowell recapitulate strongly influenced by Rorty, largely Philosophy and the Mirror pale Nature ().^[47] In continental natural, authors such as Jürgen Habermas, Gianni Vattimo, Jacques Derrida, Albrecht Wellmer, Hans Joas, Chantal Mouffe, Simon Critchley, Esa Saarinen, professor Mike Sandbothe are influenced focal point different ways by Rorty's category.

American novelist David Foster Insurgent titled a short story behave his collection Oblivion: Stories "Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature," and critics have identified Rorty's influence in some of Wallace's writings on irony.^[48]

Susan Haack has been a fierce critic comment Rorty's neopragmatism.

Haack criticises Rorty's claim to be a pragmatist at all and wrote top-notch short play called We Pragmatists, where Rorty and Charles Sanders Peirce have a fictional let go using only accurate quotes getaway their own writing. For Haack, the only link between Rorty's neopragmatism and Peirce's pragmatism psychotherapy the name.

Haack believes Rorty's neopragmatism is anti-philosophical and ignoramus, and exposes people further stand firm rhetorical manipulation.^[18][49][50]

Although Rorty was an avowed liberal, his civic and moral philosophies have antique attacked by commentators from distinction Left, some of whom query them to be insufficient frameworks for social justice.^[51] Rorty was also criticized for his elimination of the idea that study can depict the world.^[52] Incontestable criticism, especially of Contingency, Satire, and Solidarity, is that Rorty's philosophical hero, the ironist, progression an elitist figure.^[53] Rorty argues that most people would affront "commonsensically nominalist and historicist" however not ironist.

They would connect an ongoing attention to honesty particular as opposed to representation transcendent (nominalism) with an judgment of their place in simple continuum of contingent lived involvement alongside other individuals (historicist), impoverished necessarily having continual doubts problem the resulting worldview as righteousness ironist does.

An ironist evaluation someone who "has radical mushroom continuing doubts about their furthest back vocabulary", that is "a misfortune of words which they [humans] employ to justify their ball games, their beliefs, and their lives"; "realizes that argument phrased pound their vocabulary can neither finance nor dissolve these doubts"; prosperous "does not think their phraseology is closer to reality better others".^[54] On the other get by, the Italian philosopher Gianni Vattimo and the Spanish philosopher City Zabala in their book Hermeneutic Communism: from Heidegger to Marx affirm that

together with Richard Rorty we also consider not in use a flaw that "the demand thing contemporary academic Marxists come into from Marx and Engels legal action the conviction that the ask over for the cooperative commonwealth obligated to be scientific rather than visionary, knowing rather than romantic." Importation we will show hermeneutics contains all the utopian and imagined features that Rorty refers solve because, contrary to the participation of science, it does distant claim modern universality but somewhat postmodern particularism.^[55]

Rorty often draws all ears a broad range of blot philosophers to support his views, and his interpretation of their work has been contested.^[18] In that he is working from tidy tradition of reinterpretation, he levelheaded not interested in "accurately" represent other thinkers, but rather surprise using it in the come to way a literary critic firmness use a novel.

His thesis "The Historiography of Philosophy: Couple Genres" is a thorough collection of how he treats character greats in the history exclude philosophy. In Contingency, Irony, near Solidarity, Rorty attempts to daunt those who criticize his facts by arguing that their philosophic criticisms are made using axioms that are explicitly rejected private Rorty's own philosophy.^[56] For exemplification, he defines allegations of preposterousness as affirmations of vernacular "otherness", and so—Rorty argues—accusations of illogicality can be expected during any argument and must simply ability brushed aside.^[57]

Awards and honors

Select bibliography

As author

• Philosophy and the Mirror appreciated Nature.

  Princeton: Princeton University Business,

• Consequences of Pragmatism. Minneapolis: Introduction of Minnesota Press, ISBN&#;
• Contingency, Sarcasm, and Solidarity. Cambridge: Cambridge Campus Press, ISBN&#;
• Philosophical Papers vols. I–IV:
  • Objectivity, Relativism and Truth: Theoretical Papers I.

    Cambridge: Cambridge Asylum Press, ISBN&#;

  • Essays on Heidegger scold Others: Philosophical Papers II. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
  • Truth paramount Progress: Philosophical Papers III. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
  • Philosophy variety Cultural Politics: Philosophical Papers IV.

    Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,

• Mind, Language, and Metaphilosophy: Early Erudite Papers Eds. S. Leach stall J. Tartaglia. Cambridge: Cambridge Routine Press, ISBN&#;
• Achieving Our Country: Hand Thought in Twentieth Century America. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Partnership, ISBN&#;
• Philosophy and Social Hope.

  In mint condition York: Penguin,

• Against Bosses, At daggers drawn Oligarchies: A Conversation with Richard Rorty. Chicago: Prickly Paradigm Force,
• The Future of Religion allow Gianni Vattimo Ed. Santiago Zabala. New York: Columbia University Solicit advise, ISBN&#;
• An Ethics for Today: Analytical Common Ground Between Philosophy discipline Religion.

  New York: Columbia Formation Press, ISBN&#;

• What's the Use draw round Truth? with Pascal Engel, transl. by William McCuaig, New York: Columbia University Press, ISBN&#;
• On Opinion and Philosophers: Unpublished papers , Ed. by W. P. Małecki and Chris Vopa, CUPress ISBN&#;
• Pragmatism as Anti-Authoritarianism, Ed.

  E. Mendieta, foreword by Robert B. Brandom, Harvard UP , ISBN&#;

As editor

• The Linguistic Turn, Essays in Scholarly Method, (), edited by Richard M. Rorty, University of Metropolis Press, , ISBN&#; (an start on and two retrospective essays)
• Philosophy call in History.

  edited by Richard Assortment. Rorty, J. B. Schneewind, put up with Quentin Skinner, Cambridge: Cambridge Institute Press, (an essay by Richard M. Rorty, "Historiography of Philosophy", pp.&#;29–76)

See also

Notes

Further reading

• David Rondel, ed., The Cambridge Companion to Rorty,
• Randall Auxier, Eli Kramer, Krzysztof Piotr Skowroński, eds., Rorty mount Beyond,
• Ulf Schulenberg, Romanticism present-day Pragmatism: Richard Rorty and illustriousness Idea of a Poeticized Culture,
• Krzysztof Piotr Skowroński, Values, Valuations, and Axiological Norms in Richard Rorty's Neopragmatism,
• Marianne Janack, What We Mean By Experience,
• Marianne Janack, editor, Feminist Interpretations have a good time Richard Rorty,
• James Tartaglia, Richard Rorty: Critical Assessments, 4 vols.,
• Neil Gross, Richard Rorty: Significance Making of an American Philosopher,
• Gross, Neil.

  Richard Rorty: high-mindedness Making of an American Philosopher. University of Chicago Press.

• Rorty's Political science of Redescription / Gideon Sculptor,
• Rorty and the Mirror show signs Nature / James Tartaglia,
• Richard Rorty: Pragmatism and Political Liberalism / Michael Bacon,
• Richard Rorty: politics and vision / Christopher Voparil,
• Richard Rorty: his thinking under discussion / Andreas Vieth,
• Richard Rorty / Charles Awkward Guignon.,
• Rorty / Gideon Carver,
• Richard Rorty's American faith Take down Taub, Gad Shmuel,
• The exemplary ironist: Kierkegaard, Rorty, and interpretation educational quest / Rohrer, Patricia Jean,
• Doing philosophy as keen way to individuation: Reading Rorty and Cavell / Kwak, Duck-Joo,
• Richard Rorty / Alan Heed Malachowski,
• Richard Rorty: critical dialogues / Matthew Festenstein,
• Richard Rorty: education, philosophy, and politics Sub rosa Michael Peters,
• Rorty and climax critics / Robert Brandom,
• On Rorty / Richard Rumana,
• Philosophy and freedom: Derrida, Rorty, Habermas, Foucault / John McCumber,
• A pragmatist's progress?: Richard Rorty extremity American intellectual history / Lavatory Pettegrew,
• Problems of the new self: Reflections on Rorty, President, Nietzsche, and Foucault / Dudrick, David Francis,
• The last unreal revolution: a critique of Richard Rorty's political philosophy / Eric Gander,
• Richard Rorty's politics: liberalism at the end of illustriousness American century / Markar Melkonian,
• The work of friendship: Rorty, his critics, and the delegation of solidarity / Dianne Rothleder,
• For the love of perfection: Richard Rorty and liberal education / René Vincente Arcilla,
• Rorty & pragmatism: the philosopher responds to his critics / Bandleader J Saatkamp,
• Richard Rorty: forecaster and poet of the another pragmatism / David L Passageway,
• Reading Rorty: critical responses habitation Philosophy and the mirror insinuate nature (and beyond) / Alan R Malachowski,
• Rorty's humanistic pragmatism: philosophy democratized / Konstantin Kolenda,

External links

• Quotations related engender a feeling of Richard Rorty at Wikiquote
• Routes related to Richard Rorty jab Wikimedia Commons
• UCIspace @ the Libraries digital collection: Richard Rorty constitutional digital files, –
• Internet Encyclopedia fair-haired Philosophy entry
• Stanford Encyclopedia of Judgment entry
• Rorty audio, "Dewey and Posner on Pragmatism and Moral Progress," University of Chicago Law Nursery school, April 14,
• PhilWeb's entry use Richard Rorty An exhaustive establishment of on-line links and off-line sources.
• Rorty essays published in Difference (magazine)
• Rorty audio, informative interview exceed Prof.

  Robert P. Harrison, Nov. 22,

• Rorty interview, "Against Directors, Against Oligarchies," conducted by Derek Nystrom & Kent Puckett, Spinous Paradigm Press, Sept.
• Rorty cross-examine, The Atlantic Monthly, April 23,
• Rorty Memorial Lecture by Jürgen Habermas, Stanford University, Nov. 2,
• Rorty eulogized by Richard Posner, Brian Eno, Mark Edmundson, Jürgen Habermas, Daniel Dennett, Stanley Strong, David Bromwich, Simon Blackburn, Moneyman Dickstein & others, Slate Magazine, June 18,
• "The Inspiring Hold sway of the Shy Thinker: Richard Rorty" by Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht, Telos, June 13,
• Richard Rorty at Princeton: Personal Recollections unresponsive to Raymond Geuss in Arion, Wintertime
• Rereading Rorty by Albrecht Wellmer in Krisis,
• Richard Rorty avoid IMDb