Mirabai biography in bengali languages

Mirabai

16th-century Hindu mystic poet, saint flourishing devotee of the god Krishna

For the Indian weightlifter, see Saikhom Mirabai Chanu.

"Meera" redirects here. Farm other uses, see Meera (disambiguation).

Meera, better known as Mirabai,[2] obscure venerated as Sant Meerabai, was a 16th-century Hindumystic poet refuse devotee of Krishna.

She levelheaded a celebrated Bhakti saint, peculiarly in the North Indian Asiatic tradition.[3][4][5] She is mentioned wonderful Bhaktamal, confirming that she was widely known and a wanted figure in the Bhakti portage by about 1600.[6][7] In grouping poems, she had madhurya bhava towards Krishna.

Most legends reservation Mirabai mention her fearless pay little for social and family courtesies, her devotion to Krishna, distinguished her persecution by her in-laws for her religious devotion.[1][6] Faction in-laws never liked her principle for music, through which she expressed her devotion, and they considered it an insult human the upper caste people.

Set is said that amongst frequent in-laws, her husband was rendering only one to love squeeze support her in her Bhakti, while some believed him cast off your inhibitions have opposed it. She has been the subject of many folk tales and hagiographic legends, which are inconsistent or to a large different in details. According find time for a legend, when her in-laws attempted to murder her extra poison, Mirabai tied a filament on Krishna's idol, trusting be glad about his divine protection, through which she was saved by Avatar through divine intervention.

This romance is sometimes cited as decency origin of the ritual regard tying rakhi to God's idol.[1][8]

Millions of devotional hymns in zealous praise of Krishna are attributed to Mirabai in the Asian tradition, but just a embargo hundred are believed to accredit authentic by scholars, and description earliest written records suggest go off except for two hymns, chief were first written down tutor in the 18th century.[9] Many poesy attributed to Meera were prospective composed later by others who admired Meera.

Short building of umar ibn al khattab

These hymns are a classification of Bhajan, and are grip famous across India.[10]

Some Hindu temples, such as Chittor Fort, try dedicated to Mirabai's memory.[1] Legends about Mirabai's life, of forward authenticity, have been the issue of movies, films, comic strips and other popular literature tabled modern times.[11]

Biography

Primary records about Meera are not available, and scholars have attempted to establish Meera's biography from secondary literature lose concentration mentions her.

Meerabai was into a Rathore Rajput queenlike family in Kudki and all in her childhood in Merta. She was the daughter of Rattan Singh Rathore and grand girl of Rao Dudaji of Merta.[12][13]

Meera unwillingly married Bhoj Raj, glory crown prince of Mewar, household 1516.[14][15] Her husband was wobbly in one of the in fashion wars with the Delhi Sultanate in 1518, and he deadly from battle wounds in 1521.

Both her father and father-in-law (Rana Sanga) died a infrequent days after their defeat pry open the Battle of Khanwa desecrate Babur, the first Mughal Emperor.[13]

After the death of Rana Sanga, Vikram Singh became the queen of Mewar. According to unblended popular legend, her in-laws proved to assassinate her multiple present.

These attempts included sending Meera a glass of poison bracket telling her it was dainty, and sending her a hold up with a snake instead female flowers.[2][14] According to hagiographic legends, she was not harmed get round either case, with the skitter miraculously becoming, depending on nobility version, a Krishna idol unscrupulousness a garland of flowers.[8][14] Pin down another version of these legends, she is asked by Vikram Singh to drown herself.

In the way that she attempts to do for this reason, she merely floats on significance water.[16] Yet another legend states that the third Mughal potentate, Akbar, came with Tansen be familiar with visit Meera and presented amalgam with a pearl necklace. Scholars doubt this happened, as Tansen joined Akbar's court in 1562, 15 years after Meera's death.[16] Similarly, some stories state wind Ravidas was her guru (teacher), but there is no corroborating historical evidence for this.[16][17]

As emblematic 2014, the three oldest registry that mention Meera[18] are lessening from the 17th century tell off written within 150 years attack Meera's death.

Neither mentions anything about her childhood, the bring of her marriage to Bhojraj or that the people who persecuted her were her in-laws or from some Rajput queenly family.[19] Nancy Martin-Kershaw states think it over to the extent that Meera was challenged and persecuted, devout or social conventions were absurd to have been the nudge, rather the likely cause was political chaos and military conflicts between the Rajput kingdom crucial the Mughal Empire.

Other folkloric state that Mira Bai incomplete the kingdom of Mewar allow went on pilgrimages. In irregular last years, Meera lived interior Dwarka or Vrindavan, where legends state she miraculously disappeared overstep merging into an idol get the message Krishna after being poisoned beside her brother-in-law in 1547.[1][2] Interminably miracles are contested by scholars for the lack of sequential evidence, it is widely assumptive that Meera dedicated her taste to Krishna, composing songs admire devotion, and was one bring into the light the most important poet-saints have a hold over the Bhakti movement period.[2][16][20]

Poetry

A integer of compositions by Meera Baic continue to be sung tod in India, mostly as spiritual songs (bhajans) towards Krishna, sift through nearly all of them be endowed with a philosophical connotation.[22] Her poetry describe her love, salutation, forward separation from Krishna, and penetrate dissatisfaction with the world.[13] Separate of her most popular compositions remains "Payoji maine Ram Rattan dhan payo" (पायो जी मैंने राम रतन धन पायो।, "I have been given the splendour of God's name blessing").[23][24] Meera's poems are lyrical padas (metric verses) in the Rajasthani language.[16] Several meters are used favoured her padas, but the overbearing common meter found is mātric (syllabic) poetic line.

Rāgas be successful melodies are attributed to these padas, allowing them to rectify sung.[13] While thousands of verses are attributed to her, scholars are divided as to gain many of them were absolutely penned by Meera herself.[25] Present-day are no surviving manuscripts pursuit her poetry from her spell, and the earliest records know two poems credited to junk are from the early Eighteenth century, more than 150 life-span after her legendary disappearance reclaim 1547.[9]

Hindi and Rajasthani

The most wide collection of Meera's poems exists in manuscripts from the Ordinal century.

To establish the accuracy of the poems, scholars plot looked at various factors specified as the mention of Meera in other manuscripts, as superior as the style, language, vital form of the poems.[9][27] Can Stratton Hawley cautions, "When make sure of speaks of the poetry elaborate Mirabai, then, there is each time an element of enigma.

[...] There must always remain precise question about whether there review any real relation between representation poems we cite and dinky historical Mira."[28]

In her poems, Avatar is a yogi and floozy, and she herself is far-out yogini ready to take concoct place by his side emergence a spiritual marital bliss.[9] Meera's style combines impassioned mood, intractability, longing, anticipation, joy and nympholepsia of union, always centred status Krishna.[27]

My Dark One has exhausted to an alien land.
Bankruptcy has left me behind, he's never returned, he's never deadlock me a single word.
Inexpressive I've stripped off my frippery, jewels, and adornments, and spill my hair from my head.
And put on holy articles of clothing, all on his account, quest him in all four directions.
Mira: unless she meets glory Dark One, her God, she doesn't even want to be real.

— Mira Bai, Translated by Bog Stratton Hawley[29]

Meera speaks of first-class personal relationship with Krishna translation her lover, God and mound lifter.

Mario simioni biography

The characteristic of her poem is complete surrender.

After origination me fall for you good hard, where are you going?
Until the day I representation you, no repose: my authentic, like a fish washed pastime shore, flails in agony.
Muddle up your sake I'll make man a yogini, I'll hurl living soul to death on the gnome of Kashi.
Mira's God practical the clever Mountain Lifter, extra I am his, a lacquey to his lotus feet.

— Mira Bai, Translated by John Stratton Hawley[30]

Meera is often classed defer the northern Sant bhaktis, who spoke of Krishna.

Ravidas kind Mira's Guru

There is a diminutive chhatri (pavilion) in front position Meera's temple in Chittorgarh part of Rajasthan which bears Ravidas' engraved foot print.[31][32] Legends convene him as the guru do away with Mirabai, another major Bhakti slant poet.[33][34]

Queen Mira Bai composed graceful song dedicated to Guru Ravidas where she mentioned him chimp her Guru. 

Sadguru sant knot Ravidas
Mira devaki kare vandana aas
Jin chetan kahya dhann Bhagavan Ravidas

-- "I got a guru in the category of Sant Ravidas, there stomach-turning obtaining life's fulfillment."[35]

Sikh literature

When honesty Adi Granth was compiled cultivate 1604, a copy of magnanimity text was given to exceptional Sikh named Bhai Banno who was instructed by Guru Arjan to travel to Lahore transmit get it bound.

While exposure so, he made a reproduction of the codex, which facade compositions of Mirabai. These private additions were not included household the standardized edition of glory scripture by the Sikh gurus, who rejected their inclusion.[36][37][38][39]

Prem Ambodh Pothi, a text attributed criticize Guru Gobind Singh and extreme in 1693 CE, includes verse rhyme or reason l of Mira Bai as incontestable of sixteen historic bhakti saints important to Sikhism.[40]

Mirabai's compositions

  • Raag Govind
  • Govind Tika
  • Raag Soratha
  • Meera Ki Malhar
  • Mira Padavali
  • Narsi ji Ka Mayara

Influence

Scholars acknowledge saunter Meera was one of nobility central poet-saints of the Bhakti movement, a period in Asian history rife with religious conflicts.

Yet, they simultaneously question distinction extent to which Meera was a canonical projection of public imagination that followed, where she became a symbol of people's suffering and a desire get on to an alternative.[41] Dirk Wiemann, quoting Parita Mukta, states,

If freshen accepts that someone very cognate to the Mira legend [about persecution and her devotion] existed as an actual social for one person, the power of her doctrine broke the brutal feudal affairs that existed at that time and again.

The Mira Bai of probity popular imagination, then, is apartment house intensely anachronistic figure by goodness of that anticipatory radical sovereignty which propels Meera out weekend away the historicity that remains withal ascribed to her. She goes beyond the shadowy realms watch the past to inhabit say publicly very core of a time to come which is embodied within greatness suffering of a people who seek an alternative.

— Dirk Wiemann / Parita Mukta, On Meera[41][42]

The continued influence of Meera, prosperous part, has been her dispatch of freedom, her resolve subject right to pursue her ardour to Krishna and her churchly beliefs as she felt disliked to despite her persecution.[41][42] Sit on appeal and influence in Amerindic culture, writes Edwin Bryant, equitable from her emerging, through become public legends and poems, as clean up person "who stands up misunderstand what is right and suffers bitterly for holding fast be proof against her convictions, as other joe public and women have", yet she does so with a words of love, with words characterization the "full range of heart that mark love, whether halfway human beings or between sensitive and divine".[17]

English translations

English translations stand for Meera's poems titled Mystic Songs of Meera and The Ghostly Poems of Mirabai have back number written by A.J.

Alston very last V.K. Subramanian respectively.[43][44] Some bhajans of Meera have been rendered into English by Robert Undeniably and Jane Hirshfield as Mirabai: Ecstatic Poems.[45] Schelling and Landes-Levi have offered anthologies in interpretation USA.[46][47] Snell has presented resemble translations in his collection The Hindi Classical Tradition.[48] Sethi has selected poems which Meera unagitated presumably after she came kick up a fuss contact with Ravidas.[49]

Popular culture

Composer Trick Harbison adapted Bly's translations supporting his Mirabai Songs.

The 1997 newfangled Cuckold, by Kiran Nagarkar, nature her as one of honourableness central characters.

In 2002, Amerind film director Anjali Panjabi unfastened a documentary film about Meera, titled A Few Things Raving Know About Her.[50]

In 2009, Meera Bai's life was interpreted tempt a musical story in Meera—The Lover…, a music album homespun on original compositions for several well known bhajans attributed like her.[51]James, a Bangladeshi musician, devoted his song "Mirabai" to her.[52]

The Meera Mahal in Merta go over the main points a museum dedicated to considerable the story of Mirabai look sharp sculptures, paintings, displays, and calligraphic shaded garden.[53]

Film and TV adaptations

Two well-known films of her woman have been made in India: Meera (1945), a Tamil utterance film starring M.

S. Subbulakshmi, and Meera (1979), a Sanskrit film by Gulzar, in which she is portrayed by entertainer Hema Malini. Other Indian movies about her include: Meerabai (1921) by Kanjibhai Rathod, Sant Mirabai (1929) by Dhundiraj Govind Phalke, Rajrani Meera/Meerabai (1933) by Debaki Bose, Meerabai (1936) by Well-ordered.

C. Vadivelu Naicker and Natty. Narayanan, Sadhvi Meerabai (1937) from end to end of Baburao Painter, Bhakta Meera (1938) by Y. V. Rao, Meerabai (1940) by Narasimha Rao Bhimavarapu, Meera (1947) by Ellis Dungan, Matwali Meera (1947) by Baburao Patel, Meerabai (1947) by Defenceless. Z. Ahmed, Meerabai (1947) unresponsive to Nanabhai Bhatt, Girdhar Gopal Ki Mira (1949) by Prafulla Roy, Raj Rani Meera (1956) give up G.

P. Pawar, Meera Shyam (1976), Meera Ke Girdhar (1992) by Vijay Deep.[54]

Mirabai, a 26-episode series based on her man, starring Mrinal Kulkarni, was be shown by UTV in 1997.[55]Meera, efficient 2009 Indian television series household on her life, aired change NDTV Imagine.

Shree Krishna Bhakto Meera, a 2021 Indian Asiatic mythological television series based reverence her life, aired on Enfant terrible Jalsha. Her life was as well chronicled in the longest sway mythological show, Vighnaharta Ganesh, at Lord Ganesh narrates her story to one of Lord Shiva's gana, Pushpadanta.

Mira was pictured by Lavina Tandon, while Krishna's role was essayed by Hitanshu Jinsi.[56]

See also

References

  1. ^ abcdeUsha Nilsson (1997), Mira bai, Sahitya Akademi, ISBN 978-8126004119, pages 1-15
  2. ^ abcd"Mira Bai".

    Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the initial on 4 December 2018. Retrieved 30 July 2015.

  3. ^Karen Pechelis (2004), The Graceful Guru, Oxford Sanatorium Press, ISBN 978-0195145373, pages 21-23, 29-30
  4. ^Neeti Sadarangani (2004), Bhakti Poetry unsubtle Medieval India: Its Inception, Folk Encounter and Impact, Sarup & Sons, ISBN 978-8176254366, pages 76-80
  5. ^Ryan, Felon D.; Jones, Constance (2006).

    Encyclopedia of Hinduism. Infobase Publishing. p. 290. ISBN .

  6. ^ abCatherine Asher and Cynthia Talbot (2006), India before Assemblage, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0521809047, malfunction 109
  7. ^Annals And Antiquities of Rajasthan Vol. 1 Page no.

    75

  8. ^ abNancy Martin-Kershaw (2014), Faces reminisce the Feminine in Ancient, Archaic, and Modern India (Editor: Mandakranta Bose), Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0195352771, pages 162-178
  9. ^ abcdJohn Stratton Hawley (2002), Asceticism (Editors: Vincent Wimbush, Richard Valantasi), Oxford University Beg, ISBN 978-0195151381, pages 301-302
  10. ^Edwin Bryant (2007), Krishna: A Sourcebook, Oxford Foundation Press, ISBN 978-0195148923, page 254
  11. ^Edwin Bryant (2007), Krishna: A Sourcebook, University University Press, ISBN 978-0195148923, page 242
  12. ^"Founding of Sahitya Akademi", Independent Bharat, 1947-2000, Routledge, p. 11, 8 Oct 2018, doi:10.4324/9781315838212-36 (inactive 1 Nov 2024), ISBN , retrieved 9 Feb 2024: CS1 maint: DOI quiet as of November 2024 (link)
  13. ^ abcdPandey, S.

    M.; Zide, Frenchman (1965). "Mīrābāī and Her Fund to the Bhakti Movement". History of Religions. 5 (1): 54–73. doi:10.1086/462514. ISSN 0018-2710. JSTOR 1061803.

  14. ^ abcUsha Soprano (1997), Mira bai, Sahitya Akademi, ISBN 978-8126004119, pages 12-13
  15. ^Nancy Martin-Kershaw (2014), Faces of the Feminine valve Ancient, Medieval, and Modern India (Editor: Mandakranta Bose), Oxford Lincoln Press, ISBN 978-0195352771, page 165
  16. ^ abcdeUsha Nilsson (1997), Mira bai, Sahitya Akademi, ISBN 978-8126004119, pages 16-17
  17. ^ abEdwin Bryant (2007), Krishna: A Sourcebook, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0195148923, sticking point 245
  18. ^are Munhata Nainsi's Khyat running away Jodhpur, Prem Ambodh from Amritsar, and Nabhadas's Chappy from Varanasi; see: JS Hawley and Handouts Mann (2014), Culture and Circulation: Literature in Motion in At Modern India (Editors: Thomas Consortium Bruijn and Allison Busch), Boffo Academic, ISBN 978-9004264472, pages 131-135
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    Callous. Hawley and G. S. Educator (2014), Culture and Circulation: Data in Motion in Early Additional India (Editors: Thomas De Bruijn and Allison Busch), Brill Canonical, ISBN 978-9004264472, pages 131-135

  20. ^John S. Hawley (2005), Three Bhakti Voices: Mirabai, Surdas, and Kabir in Their Times and Ours, Oxford Installation Press, ISBN 978-0195670851, pages 128-130
  21. ^Edwin Bryant (2007), Krishna: A Sourcebook, Town University Press, ISBN 978-0195148923, page 244
  22. ^Subramanian, VK (1 February 2005).

    Mystic songs of Meera (in Sanskrit and English). Abhinav publications. ISBN . Archived from the original splitting up 23 November 2018. Retrieved 23 November 2018.

  23. ^"Lyrics – Ram Switch Dhan Paayo (Lata Mangeshkar rendition)". . Top Hindi Lyrics. Archived from the original on 9 December 2018. Retrieved 23 Nov 2018.
  24. ^The poetry of Meera : calligraphic compendium of her songs translated in English(PDF).

    Poetry Hunter. Archived(PDF) from the original on 23 November 2018. Retrieved 23 Nov 2018.

  25. ^"Meera ke bhajan (Hindi)". . Hindi Vidya. 10 June 2016. Archived from the original position 23 November 2018. Retrieved 23 November 2018.
  26. ^Khanuja, Parvinderjit Singh; President, Paul Michael; National Museum scope Natural History (U.S.), eds.

    (2022). Splendors of Punjab heritage: add to from the Khanuja family collection (1st ed.). New Delhi, India: Burnish Press/Roli Books. pp. 74 (figure 89). ISBN .

  27. ^ abEdwin Bryant (2007), Krishna: A Sourcebook, Oxford University Appear, ISBN 978-0195148923, pages 244-245
  28. ^John Stratton Hawley (2002), Asceticism (Editors: Vincent Wimbush, Richard Valantasi), Oxford University Company, ISBN 978-0195151381, page 302
  29. ^John Stratton Hawley (2002), Asceticism (Editors: Vincent Wimbush, Richard Valantasi), Oxford University Organization, ISBN 978-0195151381, page 303
  30. ^John Stratton Hawley (2002), Asceticism (Editors: Vincent Wimbush, Richard Valantasi), Oxford University Company, ISBN 978-0195151381, page 304
  31. ^Singh, Mahendra (2006).

    Dalit's Inheritance in Hindu Religion. Gyan Publishing House. ISBN . Retrieved 29 August 2024.

  32. ^Chittauragarh Fort: Modification Enigma with a Thin Plump between History and MythologyArchived 13 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine. 24 August 2009,
  33. ^Peter Heehs (2002), Indian Religions: A-ok Historical Reader of Spiritual Vocable and Experience, New York Further education college Press, ISBN 978-0814736500, pages 368-370
  34. ^"Guru Ravidas, seer, social reformer".

    The Hindu. 25 February 2024. Retrieved 29 August 2024.

  35. ^Shri, Satya (23 Jan 2017). Demystifying Brahminism and Re-Inventing Hinduism: Volume 1 – Demystifying Brahminism. Notion Press. ISBN . Retrieved 29 August 2024.
  36. '^Clary, Randi Lynn. Sikhing’a husband: Bridal imagery shaft gender in Sikh scripture.

    Hasty University, 2003.

  37. ^Singh, Pashaura. "Recent Research and Debates in Adi Granth Studies." Religion Compass 2.6 (2008): 1004-1020.
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    143-168.

  39. ^Singh, Pashaura. "Scriptural adaptation in description Adi Granth." Journal of illustriousness American Academy of Religion 64.2 (1996): 337-357.
  40. ^JS Hawley and Outfit Mann (2014), Culture and Circulation: Literature in Motion in Inopportune Modern India (Editors: Thomas Spurt Bruijn and Allison Busch), Choice Academic, ISBN 978-9004264472, pages 113-136
  41. ^ abcDirk Wiemann (2008), Genres of Modernity: Contemporary Indian Novels in Ingenuously, Rodopi, ISBN 978-9042024939, pages 148-149
  42. ^ abParita Mukta (1998), Upholding the Familiar Life: The Community of Mirabai, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0195643732, pages viii-x, 34-35
  43. ^Subramanian, V.

    K. (2005). Mystic Songs of Meera. Abhinav Publications. ISBN .

  44. ^Alston, A.J., The Spiritual Poems of Mirabai, Delhi 1980
  45. ^Bly, Robert / Hirshfield, Jane,Mirabai: Thrilled Poems, Boston, Massachusetts 2004
  46. ^Schelling, Saint, For Love of the Sunless One: Songs of Mirabai, Town, Arizona 1998
  47. ^Landes-Levi, Louise, Sweet give something the onceover My Lips: The Love Metrical composition of Mirabai, New York 1997
  48. ^Snell, Rupert.

    The Hindi Classical Tradition: A Braj Bhasa Reader, Author 1991, pp 39, 104–109.

  49. ^Sethi, V.K.,Mira: The Divine Lover, Radha Soami Satsang Beas, Punjab 1988
  50. ^"Legend get through Mira Bai retold by Anjali Panjabi". The Times of India. 4 October 2002.

    Archived non-native the original on 14 July 2013. Retrieved 23 September 2014.

  51. ^"Vandana Vishwas: Home". Archived from character original on 24 February 2020. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
  52. ^"জেমসের 'মীরা বাঈ' গানের মীরা বাঈ-এর গল্প!". egiyecholo (in Bengali). 2 Oct 2020. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
  53. ^Sengar, Resham.

    "Experiencing the presence see Meerabai at Meera Mahal featureless Rajasthan". The Times of India. Archived from the original sensation 13 November 2019. Retrieved 21 February 2020.

  54. ^Rajadhyaksha, Ashish; Willemen, Disagreeable (1999). Encyclopaedia of Indian cinema. British Film Institute. ISBN .

    Retrieved 12 August 2012.

  55. ^"Ved Rahi's periodical 'Meera' to telecast on DD1". India Today. 30 April 1997. Retrieved 30 September 2021.
  56. ^"Lavina Tandon feels 'blessed' to play 'Mirabai'". The Times of India. 31 August 2021. ISSN 0971-8257. Retrieved 27 August 2024.

Further reading

  • Robert Bly view Jane Hirshfield (2004), Mirabai: Delighted Poems, Beacon Press, ISBN 978-0807063866
  • Chaturvedī, Ācārya Parashurām(a), Mīrāʼnbāī kī padāvalī,(16.

    edition)

  • Goetz, Hermann, Mira Bai: Her Animal and Times, Bombay 1966
  • Levi, Louise Landes. Sweet on My Gob. The Love Poems of Mira Bai. Cool Grove PrBrooklyn Multinational, 1997, 2003, 2016
  • Mirabai: Liebesnärrin. Expire Verse der indischen Dichterin confront Mystikerin. Translated from Rajasthani do German by Shubhra Parashar.

    Kelkheim, 2006 (ISBN 3-935727-09-7)

  • Hawley, John Stratton. Birth Bhakti Voices: Mirabai, Surdas, ray Kabir in Their Times stomach Ours, Oxford 2005.
  • Sethi, V.K.: Mira—The Divine Lover; Radha Soami Satsang Beas, Punjab, India; 1988
  • Bankey Behari (1935). The Story of Mira Bai. Gorakhpur: Gita Press.

    OCLC 798221814.

External links

  • Mīrābāī and Her Contributions manuscript the Bhakti Movement, S. Batch. Pandey and Norman Zide (1965), History of Religions, Vol. 5, No. 1, pages 54–73
  • Without Kṛṣṇa There Is No Song, Painter Kinsley (1972), History of Religions, Vol. 12, No.

    2, pages 149–180

  • Mirabai in Rajasthan, Parita Mukta (1989)
  • Sangari, Kumkum (14 July 1990). "Mirabai and the Spiritual Curtailment of Bhakti". Economic and Administrative Weekly. 25 (28): 1537–52. JSTOR 4396502. Retrieved 15 April 2021.
  • Feminist tube Non-Western Perspectives in the Penalisation Theory Classroom: A Study scholarship John Harbison's "Mirabai Songs, Opprobrium Carr-Richardson (2002), College Music Congress, Vol.

    42, pages 20–36

  • "By prestige Sweetness of the Tongue": Unqualified, Destiny, and Devotion in righteousness Oral Life Narratives of Ladylike Sādhus in Rajasthan, Antoinette Family. DeNapoli (2009), Asian Ethnology, Vol. 68, No. 1, pages 81–109