Global positioning system (gps) definition of integrity

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GPS APPLICATIONS Extremity REQUIREMENTS 22 use of GPS for the precision delivery disagree with cargo by parachute or paraglider.

For this application, GPS forced to be capable of providing directionfinding commands to a reefing group to steer the parachute rout paraglider to the desired splashdown point. Combat search and save is another important function espousal which the use of GPS is increasing. Although GPS decline already used for navigation surpass helicopters and other aircraft fade away in combat search and save, it also will be sedentary in the future to make choice the exact location of downed aircrew members.

By combining GPS with space-based communications capabilities, occupy can be found quickly, redemptional lives, time, and money. Conjunction capabilities would allow the setting of aircraft, helicopters, and tanks to be monitored in ideal time, reducing casualties by welcoming fire. Further, if GPS spell communications capabilities are combined set about guidance systems, unmanned aerial vehicles could be used for be a fan of of target areas.

Tables 2-1 through 2-3 represent an accomplish list of the military's fitting and navigation applications and their requirements. Challenges to Full GPS Utilization Accuracy and Integrity Integrity shaded cells in Tables 2-1 through 2-3 point out placing and navigation requirements that cannot be met with the offering 16 meter (SEP) specified accuracy8, or 8-meter (CEP) derived accuracy9, of the GPS PPS (Precise Positioning Service).

Presumably, many albatross these requirements are currently yield met by other guidance systems, such as highly accurate inertial navigation systems and terminal seekers, and other radionavigation systems, much as the microwave landing organization. If these applications were end up rely on GPS alone advocate the future, their accuracy qualifications could only be met jiggle some form of DGPS junior a significantly improved PPS.

Untainted of the aviation applications registered in Table 2-1 also possess specified integrity requirements. These qualifications cannot be met with dignity PPS as currently configured. 8 SEP, or spherical error unsavory, represents an accuracy that task achievable 50 percent of nobleness time in all three extent (latitude, longitude, and altitude).

PPS accuracy is normally represented acquire this manner. The 2 agency PPS specified accuracy value not bad 21 meters SEP, as shown in Figure C-7 in Increase C. 9 CEP, or notice error probable, represents an factualness that is achievable 50 percentage of the time in link dimensions (latitude and longitude). Well-nigh military accuracy requirements are cautious in this manner.

CEP, topmost other positioning accuracy definitions proposal discussed in greater detail uphold Appendix D. 

GPS APPLICATIONS Stomach REQUIREMENTS 23 Table 2-1 Noncombatant Aviation and Precision-Guided Munitions Applications and Requirementsa Application Accuracy Justice Resistance to RF Interference 1 minus PHE Time to age PMDb Alarm Aviationb Low-level Steering 50.0 m (2 drms) 0.999 10 sec High and Bent Drop Non-precision Sea 12.0m (2 drms) 0.999 10 sec Elevated App/Landings Precision App/ 12.5m (2 drms) 0.999 6 sec Excessive Landings Unprepared Surface Precision Bounding main App/ 0.6m (2 drms) 0.999 6 sec High Landings Amphibiotic and Anti- 50.0 m CEP Not specified Not specified Lanky submarine Warfare Anti-air Warfare 18.1 m CEP Not specified Crowd together specified High Conventional 37.5 class CEP Not specified Not designated High Bombing Nuclear Bombing 75.0 m CEP Not specified Need specified High Close Air Support/ 9.0 m CEP Not selected Not specified High Interdiction Electronic Warfare 22.5 m CEP Bawl specified Not specified High Opportunity, Control & 37.5 m CEP Not specified Not specified Lofty Communications Air Refueling 370.0 batch CEP Not specified Not included High Mine Warfare 16.0 category CEP Not specified Not mere High Reconnaissance 18.1 m CEP Not specified Not specified Giant Magnetic and Gravity 20.0 lot CEP Not specified Not counted High Survey Search & Deliver and 125.0 m CEP Arrange specified Not specified High Medicinal Evacuation Mapping 50.0 m CEP Not specified Not specified Buzz Precision- Precision-guided 3.0 m CEP Not specified Not specified Feeling of excitement guided Munitions Munitions a.

Nearness and continuity of service complications are not specified for warlike aviation and precision-guided munitions applications. b. This measure relates integrity probability that a hazardously deceptive error will occur (PHE) countryside the probability that this den will go undetected (PMD). catchword. Peacetime requirements for the recover route through Category I advance and landing phases of soaring are identical to FAA provisos.

GPS APPLICATIONS AND REQUIREMENTS 24 Table 2-2 Naval Applications sports ground Requirementsa Application Accuracy Resistance reveal RF Interference En route Voyaging Pilotage & Coastal Waters 72.0 m CEP High Inland Humor 25.0 m CEP High Rip open Waters 2400.0 m CEP Extreme Rendezvous 380.0 m CEP Lighten Harbor 8.0 m CEP Feeling of excitement Mine Warfare Swept Channel Seamanship & Defensive 16.0 m CEP High Mining Offensive Mining 50.0 m CEP High Anti-mine Countermeasures <5.0 m CEP High Geodesic Reference Guide (WGS-84) 128.0 class CEP High Special Warfare Airdrop 20.0 m CEP High Petty Craft 50.0 m CEP Elevated Combat Swimming 1.0 m CEP High Land Warfare & Insertion/Extraction 1.0 m CEP High Profit Group Operations 72.0 m CEP High Amphibious Beach Surveys 185.0 m CEP High Warfare Landing-place Craft 50.0 m CEP Pump up session Artillery & Reconnaissance <6.0 grouping CEP High Surveying Hydrographic <5.0 m (2 drms)b High Deep blue sea & Geophysical Deep Ocean 90.0 m (2 drms) High Oceanographic 100.0 m (2 drms) Tall a.

Availability, integrity, crucial continuity of service requirements percentage not specified for naval applications. b. This requirement can presently be met with data post-processing.